Согласование времён в сложных предложениях с дополнительными придат. предложениями. |
Согласование времен - это зависимость времени
сказуемого придаточного предложения от времени сказуемого главного
предложения. Если сказуемое в главном предложении в настоящем или будущем
вр., то в придаточном предл. мы употребляем такие же времена как и в
русском языке в этом случае нет согласований времен. Если сказуемое главного предложения в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном предложении мы употребляем Past Indefinite, Past Perfect, Future - in - the Past . В этом случае есть согласование времен. |
нет |
I shall show him what he did yesterday. | |
Do you know | where he lives now? | |
that he lived in Kiev last year? | ||
that he will soon be back in Moscow? |
есть |
Past Indefinite He didn't know |
where he lived.(живу)(Past Ind.) |
where I had gone?(пошел) (Past Perfect) | ||
when I would be in. (вернусь)(Future - in - the Past) |
Past Perfect | had + 3 ф. гл. | |||
Future - in - the Past |
| |||
I said he must stay in.(приказ) He said that all children must go to school when they are 7.(долженство) He knew that he had to stay in, his friend was going to ring him up. (необходимость) | ||||
Указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места, изменяются в косвеной речи по смыслу. | ||||
Прямая речь | Косвеная речь | |||
this/these | that/those | |||
here | there | |||
now | then | |||
yesterday | the day before | |||
today | that day | |||
tomorrow | (the) next day; the following day | |||
ago | before, earlier (ago) | |||
last week; last year | the week before, the year before (за неделю, год до этого) | |||
next week/year | the next week/year; the following week/year | |||
He says that he will go for
a walk as soon as he has had dinner. He said that he would go for a walk as soon as he had had dinner. | ||||
Если в косвеной речи в дополнительном придаточном предложении передается ряд последовательных действий, то первое действие дается в Past Perfect, а последующие действия - в Past Indefinite, если эта последовательность не нарушается. | ||||
Peter told me that he had been to the theatre, where he met an old friend named Nick. After the play, they went home together and talked about the friends with whome they had been on the front. Nick gave Peter a lot of interesting news of their friends. They were both very glad to see each other and decided to meet again. |